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B with flourish (Ꞗ, ꞗ) is the modern name for the third letter of the Middle Vietnamese alphabet, sorted between B and C. The B with flourish has a rounded hook that starts halfway up the stem (where the top of the bowl meets the ascender) and curves about 180 degrees counterclockwise, ending below the bottom-left corner. It represents the voiced bilabial fricative , which in modern Vietnamese merged with the voiced labiodental fricative, written as the letter V in the Vietnamese alphabet. (In Middle Vietnamese, V represented the labio-velar approximant .) ==Usage== The B with flourish is known principally from the works of Jesuit missionary Alexandre de Rhodes, particularly his trilingual dictionary ''ラテン語:Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum'' (1651) and bilingual ''ラテン語:Cathechismus'' (1658). For example, ' was written '. As with the letter Đ, only the lowercase form ꞗ is seen in these works, even where a capital letter would be expected. The Vietnamese alphabet was formally described for the first time in the 17th-century text ラテン語:''Manuductio ad Linguam Tunckinensem'', attributed to a Portuguese Jesuit missionary, possibly Francisco de Pina or Filipe Sibin. This passage about the letter Ꞗ was later incorporated into de Rhodes's ''ラテン語:Dictionarium'': |Alexandre de Rhodes|ラテン語:Lingue annamiticæ seu tunchinensis brevis declaratio}} The passage roughly translates to: Although some peculiarities of de Rhodes's orthography persisted into the early 19th century, the B with flourish had by then become V, as seen in the writings of Vietnamese Jesuit Philipphê Bỉnh (Philiphê do Rosario). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「B with flourish」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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